Systems and methods for monitoring and storing performance and maintenance data related to an electrical component

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides systems and methods for testing and storage of information related to a component. A data collection device having a memory is fixedly connected to the component. A test device communicates with the data collection device to store test data concerning the component in the data collection device. The test device also performs analysis of the test data and provides information concerning the health and maintenance history of the component. The present invention also provides systems and methods for determining the current drawn or supplied by electrical components connected in parallel in an electrical system. A current sensor located between the electrical components determines the current supply or draw of one of the electrical components, while a current sensor between the electrical components and the remainder of the electrical system determine a cumulative current draw or supply by both the electrical components.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 60/310,716 entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FORMONITORING AND STORING VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM DATA, filed Aug. 7, 2001,the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to test and diagnostic equipment used to gatherand store performance and maintenance data related to a component.

2. Description of Related Art

An important concern associated with the maintenance of any vehicle isthe status of the vehicle's electrical system. As the battery andalternator of a vehicle are essential to the cranking and normaloperation of the vehicle, it is important that they are properly andfrequently tested, to ensure that they are operating correctly. For thisreason, many fleet and vehicle and equipment rental companies performroutine testing and maintenance on both the batteries and alternators oftheir vehicles. Although a regular maintenance schedule can aid indetermining problems with the electrical systems, there are someproblems with current maintenance practices.

Specifically, although the fleet and vehicle and equipment rentalcompanies have for many years used test equipment to test the health ofbatteries, alternators, etc., most documentation concerning the test isin written form and must be later transcribed into an electronicdatabase. As such, there is added time associated with the maintenanceprocedure for data input, and also, the data is not readily availableand suffers from possible user errors in entering the data. Further, thedata is not directly linked to the battery or alternator. Instead, theuser must determine the ID associated with the battery or alternator,and using the ID, accesses either written notes or a database. Hereagain, there is time lost in maintenance and also the user may accessthe wrong information for the battery or alternator.

An additional concern with batteries and alternators is warrantyinformation. Many batteries returned to the manufacturer under warrantyare malfunctioning not due to manufacturing defects, but instead, due tomisuse and/or improper maintenance or charging of the battery. Further,some warranty claims may be dismissed as user misuse and/or impropermaintenance and charging, when in reality there is an actualmanufacturing problem with the battery or alternator. This problem couldbe eliminated if there were convenient records of maintenance and alsorecords kept concerning whether the alternator or battery was properlytested.

An additional problem is many large vehicles, such as trucks, buses,etc. typically have more than one battery on board to start the engineand provide the electrical requirements for the vehicle. For example,the typical over the road Class 8 tractor has three (3) to four (4)Group 31 batteries on board to meet the electrical requirements anddemands. A noted problem is that all the batteries look alike, the good,bad and the marginal.

Once a battery problem is noted, typically, the only way to fix theproblem is to replace all of the batteries in the electrical system andtest the batteries once removed from the vehicle in search for the badand marginal batteries. This can be costly and time consuming. Inaddition, many of these conventional test methods individually test eachbattery, thereby requiring movement of the cables to each battery fortesting. This again is time consuming and can damage the posts of thebatteries.

Another issue is that once a battery begins to malfunction, it can havea detrimental effect on the other batteries in the system causing themto possibly degrade and fail. As such, if a problem with a battery in abank of batteries is not identified in a timely manner, additionallybatteries may be affected, thereby not only raising cost concerns butalso raising environmental concerns associated with disposal ofmalfunctioning batteries.

Further, because the batteries are removed for testing, the batteriesare not tested during the normal operational environment. Astemperature, electrical loads, etc. affect the characteristics of thebattery or alternator, accurate diagnostics of the battery or alternatorcannot be taken.

In light of these concerns, the ability to analyze and test eachindividual battery on the vehicle without removing the battery cableswould be valuable to the Fleets, OEMs, and suppliers. Also, the abilityto test and analyze all the batteries during the vehicle's normaloperation, such as starting, charging at different temperatureconditions would allow users to more accurately identify bad andmarginal batteries.

In broader terms, there are also concerns with general maintenance ofvehicles. Currently, maintenance personnel must manually inspectmaintenance parameters of the vehicle and record their findings.Significant time is spent accessing dip sticks for oil and transmissionfluid level, viewing of coolant levels, removal of caps and other coversfor measurement of the brake fluid, etc, and assessing brake lines,brake slack adjustment, etc. Again, there may also be errors bymaintenance personnel in reading and recording these parameters.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides systems and methods for testing and datastorage of information related to systems associated with machinery andprocesses in general and of vehicles in particular. The presentinvention provides a data collection device having memory, which islocated on a component to be tested, such as a battery or alternator ofa vehicle. The system further includes a test device that communicateswith the data collection device to store test data concerning thecomponent under test. The test device is also used to perform analysisof the current test data and of previous test data stored in the memoryof the data collection device and provide information concerning thehealth of the component under test. This information can then be used todetermine the life expectancy of the component and predict possibleimpending failures. It may further be used in determining whetherwarranty claims will be satisfied on defective components.

As an example, in one embodiment, the present invention provides asystem that includes a data collection device that is either associatedwith and/or incorporated into a battery or alternator. The datacollection device can be of any type including an RF-chip or a processorwith an associated RF or Infrared transceiver. The data collectiondevice has an associated memory for data storage. The system of thisembodiment of the present invention further includes a test device, suchas a tester or charger, for testing the component under test.Importantly, the test device is a polling device that includeselectronics and an antenna for communicating with the data collectiondevice associated with the component under test.

During testing of the component, the test device of the presentinvention checks several parameters. For example, if the component is abattery, the test device checks the cold cranking amps, reserve chargelevel, state of charge of the battery, etc. Further, if the test deviceis a charger, the battery may be supplied a charge over a given timeperiod. For alternators, the test device may measure the output voltageversus current, waveform shape of the voltage output, temperature of thealternator, etc. For starter motors, the test device may measure thevoltage output, waveform shape, temperature, etc. U.S. Pat. Nos.6,150,793 and 5,798,577 both to Lesesky et al., which are owned by theAssignees of the present application, discloses various test proceduresfor testing various electrical components on a vehicle. The contents ofthese two patents are incorporated herein by reference.

Importantly, the test device of the present invention, after acquiringinformation concerning the component under test, transmits theseparameters, along with the date and time of testing, to the datacollection device associated with the component. This data in thenstored in the memory associated with the data collection device as amaintenance record. Further, in some embodiments, the test deviceincludes a keyboard or other devices that allows the user to addadditional information concerning the maintenance of the battery oralternator. This information is also transmitted and stored in thememory of the data collection device. Additionally, in instances inwhich a charger is used to charge a battery, information concerning thecharging operation, such as level of charge provided and duration ofcharge, can also be transferred and stored in the memory of the datacollection device.

As discussed above, the memory of the data collection device includesdata logs concerning maintenance performed on the component to which itis associated. In some advantageous embodiments, the memory of the datacollection device includes information concerning maintenance of thecomponent throughout its lifetime. In this instance, the initial test ofthe component when manufactured is stored as base line information. Assuch, subsequent data collected concerning the component may be storedin the memory of the data collection device and used in comparison tothe original base line data to determine aging trends of the component.

In some embodiments, the data collection device is an RF-chip such as anRF-tag. The RF-chip of the present invention can be either an active orpassive device. In instances in which the RF-chip is a passive device,it receives its energy for operation from the signal transmitted by thetest device. Specifically, in this embodiment, when the test devicewishes to either transmit data to or receive data from the RF-chip, ittransmits a command or polling signal to the RF-chip. The RF-chipreceives the command signal and uses the energy from the signal tooperate the RF-chip. In some alternative embodiments, the RF-chip is anactive element that is powered by an energy source. For example, inembodiments in which the RF-chip is connected to a battery of thevehicle, the RF-chip may be electrically connected to the posts of thebattery for power.

As mentioned above, the data collection device retains data logs ofperiodic tests performed on the component to which it is associated.This data can be communicated to the test device where it can beanalyzed or it may be analyzed by a processor associated with the datacollection device or a central computing system connected to the datacollection device. This analysis typically involves comparing the datato base line tests performed when the component was originallymanufactured. This comparison may uncover trends overtime of thecomponent's behavior and provide predictions on when the component islikely to experience failure. The data may also be compared to agingalgorithms and other statistical data that has been created to predictthe life expectancy of the component.

In addition to analyzing the data, the test device of the presentinvention may also store the data or transmit the data to other analysisor storage devices. For example, in one embodiment, the test device maytransfer the data and analysis to a web server, where the data may bepresented in a web page format. As such, the data concerning thecomponent is made available to the various individuals concerned withthe maintenance of the component.

As mentioned, in some embodiments, the data collection device is anRF-chip. In some advantageous embodiments, the system of the presentinvention may further include a processor connected to the RF-chip. Theprocessor is in communication with the RF-chip for transfer and storageof information concerning the component. Further, the processor mayinclude test probes and associated test electronics for performing thevarious tests on the component itself. The processor stores the testinformation in the memory device associated with the RF-chip and mayalso analyze the data. In this embodiment, the processor may not onlytest and store data relating to the component during routine maintenanceschedules, but may actually perform periodic testing of the componentduring normal operation. In some embodiments, the processor may performthe tests on a continuous or periodic basis such that the health of thecomponent is constantly analyzed.

In some embodiments, the component under test may be just one componentof a much larger system. For example, the component under test could bea battery or alternator on a vehicle. In this instance, in addition toperforming test and storage of the data in the memory device of theRF-chip, the processor may also be connected to the remainder of thevehicles electrical system and provide the test information to thecentral computer of the vehicle. In this instance, health informationconcerning the battery or alternator is made available viainstrumentation to the user of the vehicle and for centralized datastorage and analysis in the central computer. Further, known in the artare devices for transmitting data from a vehicle to a central computingfacility, such as Qualcomm's satellite-based communication system orVehicle Enhancement System's VESPLEX™ technology. The data collected bythe processor may be transmitted by these systems to a central computingfacility where the data is made available to those interested in themaintenance of the battery or alternator.

The system of the present invention also provides an embodiment forperforming continuous or periodic measurement of the component using apassive RF-chip and processor. Specifically, in this embodiment, thepolling electronics for communicating and supplying power to operate thepassive RF-chip are located in close proximity to the RF-chip andprocessor. For example, in the case where the component is a battery,the polling electronics could be located in the battery cover. In thisembodiment, the electronics periodically poles the RF-chip, and theRF-chip and processor use the energy from the polling signal to performtests and data storage.

As mentioned above, the data collection device is typically connected toor incorporated into the component under test. In some embodiments, itis advantageous that the data collection device is connected to theexternal portion of the component, such that it can be applied to thecomponent after manufacture without requiring the manufacturer toreconfigure their designs. Further, an external data collection devicecan be placed on existing components as an easy retrofit.

Although advantageous, placement of the data collection device and otherelectronics on the external portion of the component under test subjectsthe data collection device and electronics to several environmentalfactors that could damage them. For this reason, in one embodiment, thedata collection device and associated electronics are surrounded orencased in a rugged housing to protect them from damage. For example, inone embodiment, the data collection device and associated electronicsare surrounded or encased in plastic having an adhesive applied to onesurface of the encasement for connection to the component undersurveillance.

In addition to ensuring that the data collection device and electronicsare not exposed to environmental elements, it is also important toensure that the data collection device and electronics housed in theencasement are not accidentally dislodged from the component. As such,in one embodiment of the present invention, the data collection deviceand associated electronics may be surrounded or encased in plasticformed into a circular disc, sometimes referred to as a “poker chip”configuration. This form of encasement is advantageous, as theencasement does not have corners that may be snagged by debris and otheritems that may dislodge the encasement from the outer surface of thebattery or alternator.

The present invention also provides systems and methods for performingother general maintenance procedures on a system containing severaldifferent components requiring surveillance. For example, if the systemis a vehicle, the present invention may include various sensors locatedthroughout the vehicle to measure operating parameters of the vehicle.For example, the system may include measurement devices associated withthe crankcase, master cylinder, radiator, and transmission to measurefluid levels. It may also include sensors for measuring the temperatureof various components on the vehicle. Further, sensors may be used toassess brake lines, brake stroke, brake slack adjustment etc. Associatedwith each sensor is a data collection device such as an RF-chip forcommunication and storage of the outputs of the sensor. To acquire data,the system of this embodiment further includes a test device either heldby a user or located on the vehicle. The test device polls each of theRF-chips associated with the various sensors and retrieves readings fromthe sensors, such that data is made available for viewing and analysis.As such, in this embodiment, the maintenance personnel are not requiredto physically perform the measurements, but instead, merely poll thevarious RF-chips. Alternatively, here again, the polling device may beresident on the vehicle to take continuous or periodic measurements.Further, the data may be provided to the central computer of the vehicleand/or transmitted to a central computing station.

As mentioned above, some systems may have linked components used inconjunction with each other in the system. For example, a heavy-dutyvehicle may include a plurality of batteries linked to one another forproviding electrical power to the vehicle. In these systems, it isadvantageous to perform diagnostic tests on each of the individualbatteries to determine which batteries are functioning properly andwhich require replacement. In this embodiment of the present invention,the system includes a data collection device associated with each of thebatteries. Each data collection device stores test and maintenance datafor the battery with which it is associated, thereby providing anindividual data log for the battery. In some embodiments, the datacollection device is an RF-chip device that operates in conjunction witha test device that performs tests and maintenance on the battery andthen transmits this information to the RF-chip, where it is logged andmay be later retrieved.

In other embodiments, the data collection device may be an integratedsystem that includes both a test device and memory device packaged intoone system for both performing test and maintenance on the battery andlogging the data. For example, the data collection device may include acurrent, sensor such as a Hall effect sensor that senses current outputof the battery. This data is then stored in the memory device, where itis logged and can be later retrieved by a local processor or otherdevice for processing. In this way, each of the batteries can beindividually tested and evaluated to determine which of the batteries ismalfunctioning. The data collection devices of these embodiments mayoperate in a continuous or periodic manner so as to collect data on thebattery during its normal operation.

The present invention also provides systems and methods for monitoringelectrical components of an electrical system having at least first andsecond electrical components connected in parallel by a first conductorthat connects terminals of the first and second electrical componentstogether and a second conductor connecting a terminal of the firstelectrical component to a remainder of the electrical system. The systemof this embodiment includes a first current sensing device connectedbetween the first electrical component and the remainder of theelectrical system and a second current sensing device connected betweenthe first and second electrical components. In this configuration, whencurrent flows from the remainder of the electrical system to the firstand second electrical components, current sensed by the second currentsensing device is equal to the current drawn by the second electricalcomponent and current sensed by the first current sensing device equalsthe current drawn by both the first and second electrical components.Further, when current flows from first and second electrical componentsto the remainder of the electrical system, current sensed by the secondcurrent sensing device is equal to the current supplied by the secondelectrical component and current sensed by the first current sensingdevice equals the current supplied by both the first and secondelectrical components.

The system of this embodiment of the present invention may furtherinclude a processor connected to the first and second current sensors.The processor determines the current drawn and supplied by the firstelectrical component by subtracting the current sensed by tje secondcurrent sensor from the current sensed by the first current sensor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will nowbe made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn toscale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a system according to one embodiment of the presentinvention for testing and storing data related to a battery.

FIG. 2 illustrates encasement of the system of the present invention ina housing for environmental protection and attachment to an associatedcomponent according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts a system similar to that of FIG. 1 further including aprocessor for performing test and analyzing data according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate alternative embodiments for testing anddetermining which of a number of components in a bank of components maybe malfunctioning.

FIG. 5 illustrates a visual indicator according to one embodiment of thepresent invention for indicating a malfunction of a component to a user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not allembodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, these inventions may beembodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limitedto the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments areprovided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legalrequirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

As mentioned above and provided in more detail below, the presentinvention provides systems and methods for collecting, logging, andanalyzing test and maintenance data for a component. Importantly, thesystems and methods of the present invention include a data collectiondevice that is associated and/or connected to the component. Each timethe component is tested or maintenance is performed thereon, the dataconcerning the tests and maintenance is stored in the data collectiondevice. As such, the data collection device of the present inventioncreates an archival record concerning the component, which can bedownloaded for observation and analysis to assess the health andperformance of the component. The data may be analyzed by a remote unitor a local processor.

In the embodiments described below, the component is described as eitheran alternator or battery of a vehicle. This discussion should not limitthe scope of components with which the systems and methods of thepresent invention may be used. It is understood that the systems andmethods may be used with any type of component that requires testing andmaintenance. The components can be sensors, actuators, motors, etc.

In general, the systems and methods of the present invention may assumeseveral different forms depending on the application. For example, insome embodiments, the data collection device of the present inventionmay be a storage device with an associated transceiver and the testdevice may be a hand held unit that tests and performs maintenance on acomponent, and then transmits test and maintenance data to the datacollection device for storage. In some embodiments, the test device maybe a unit that is permanently or semi-permanently located in closeproximity to the component where it continuously or periodically testsand performs maintenance on the component and stores the data in thedata collection device. In further embodiments, the system is integratedsuch that the data collection device includes both a test device forperforming tests and maintenance on the component and a storage devicefor storing test and maintenance data. The integrated data collectionsystem of this embodiment includes a transceiver for transmission of thedata to remote computing systems. Further, the data collection system ofthis embodiment may further include a processor for analyzing thecollected test and maintenance data.

An important aspect of the present invention is that data related to thetest and maintenance of a component is stored on a data collectiondevice associated with the component. In many instances the datacollection device is fixedly connected to the component. This allows forready access of information related to the history of the component bymerely polling the data collection device associated with the componentfor archival data. As such, the entire history of a component can beaccessed at any time for determinations of the health and aging of thecomponent.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of the systems and methodsof the present invention. This figure illustrates use of the systems andmethods with a battery as a component. It is understood that the batteryis just used as an example and could be replaced by any other componentunder test. As illustrated, the system 10 of this embodiment includes adata collection device 12 physically connected to a battery 14.Electrically connected to the battery is a test device 16, such as atester or charger. Resident in the test device is a transceiver andelectronics, not shown, for communication with the data collectiondevice 12. The data collection device also includes an antenna 18 andelectronics 20 for communicating with the test device. Further andimportantly, the data collection device also includes memory 22 forstoring information provided to the data collection device by the testdevice via communication link 15. The data collection device, in someembodiments, may also include an internal clock for providing time anddate stamps for the logged information.

In operation, the test device performs testing on the battery todetermine parameters related to the health of the battery. Further, insome embodiments, the test device may also apply a charge to the batteryfor a duration of time. The testing parameters may include the coldcranking amps, reserve charge level, state of charge of the battery,etc. After the test device has received the data, the test device thentransfers the data via the transceiver electronics to the datacollection device. The data collection device receives the data andstores the data in the associated memory. The data is stored in the formof a data log along with the time and date indicating when the testswere performed. Alternatively, the test device may provide the time anddate stamp along with the data to the data collection device. Inaddition to the test data and the time and date stamp, the test devicemay also transmit additional information for storage in the datacollection device, such as the fleet name, vehicle number, any commentsmade by the technician when performing the test, the amount and durationof charge applied to the battery during charging, etc.

Importantly, over time, the data collection device of the presentinvention will include a series of data entries chronicling the datafrom the various tests and maintenance procedures ran on the batteryover its lifetime. As such, there is a convenient history of thebattery's performance associated with the battery in electronic form.

In addition to performing tests on the battery, the test device may alsoanalyze the battery's health to predict possible failures and possiblelife expectancy. Specifically, as mentioned, the memory associated withthe data collection device includes test results for previous testsperformed on the battery, and in some instances, includes base line testdata taken and stored at the time the battery was originallymanufactured. By downloading and analyzing this data in light of thecurrent test results, the test device of the present invention cancompare the various test results over time. This comparison may uncovertrends of the battery's behavior and provide predictions on when thebattery is likely to experience failure. The data may also be comparedto aging algorithms and other statistical data that has been created topredict the life expectancy of the battery. In this regard, U.S. Pat.Nos. 6,150,793 and 5,798,577 both to Lesesky et al., which are owned bythe Assignees of the present application, discloses various testprocedures for testing various electrical components on a vehicle. Thecontents of these two patents are incorporated herein by reference.

In FIG. 1, the system of the present invention is illustrated inconjunction with a battery. It is understood, however, that the presentinvention is also contemplated for use with alternators, starter motors,and may also be used with many different systems on a vehicle to collectand store data concerning the systems.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the data collection device of the presentinvention is typically fixedly connected to the external surface of thecomponent. It must be understood that the data collection device couldbe instead incorporated in the housing of the component. However, it istypically attached to the outside of the component so that manufacturersdo not have to redesign the component to accommodate the data collectiondevice and so that existing components in the field can be easilyupgraded with this technology.

As the data collection device and any electronics associated therewithare typically attached to the outside of the component, they may besubjected to damage from environmental elements. Further, the datacollection device and associated electronics may also become detachedfrom the component due to handling, packaging, installing, etc. In lightof this, in one embodiment, the data collection and associatedelectronics of the present invention are surrounded or encased in adurable, rugged material such as plastic. Specifically, with referenceto FIG. 2, the data collection device 12 and other associatedelectronics, (such as an associated processor), are surrounded orencased in a durable material 24 such as plastic, epoxy, rubber, orother similar material. The encasement shields the data collectiondevice and associated electronics from environmental elements that coulddisrupt the operation or damage the data collection device andelectronics. To connect the encased data collection device to thecomponent, the encasement 24 may further include an adhesive material 26applied to one surface of the encasement. The adhesive material hasrequisite strength to bond the encasement to the component, however, thestrength of the adhesive is typically chosen such that the encasementmay be removed, if necessary. In an alternative embodiment, a laminatemay be placed over the encasement and a portion of the surface of thecomponent to thereby adhere the encasement to the component. Othermethods of attaching the data collection device to the component arecontemplated by the invention such as mechanical fasteners, pouches,etc.

In addition to ensuring that the data collection device and electronicsare not exposed to environmental elements, it is also important toensure that the data collection device and electronics housed in theencasement are not accidentally dislodged from the component. As such,in one embodiment of the present invention, the encasement is formedinto a circular disc, sometimes referred to as a “poker chip”configuration. The circular disc is cylindrical in shape with a bodyextending between exposed circular ends. The disc has a relatively shortbody such that it is low profile when adhered to the component. Asillustrated in FIG. 2, it has the appearance of a poker chip. This formof encasement is advantageous, as the encasement does not have cornersthat may be snagged by debris and other items that may dislodge theencasement from the outer surface of the component.

As discussed above, the data collection device is associated with thecomponent and communicates with the test device. The data collectiondevice may have many configurations. For example, it could be composedof processor, storage device, and transceiver, where the transceivercommunicates with test device for receiving and transmitting archivaldata, while the processor either controls the storage device to eitherstore data or retrieves data from the storage device for transmission tothe test device. In some instances, the data collection device is aRF-chip, sometimes referred to in the industry as an RF-tag. Dependingon the embodiment, the RF-chip of the present invention can be either anactive or passive device. In instances in which the RF-chip is a passivedevice, it receives its energy for operation from the signal transmittedby the test device as known to those skilled in the art. Specifically,in this embodiment, when the test device wishes to either transmit datato or receive data from the RF-chip, it transmits a command signal tothe RF-chip. The RF-chip receives the command signal and uses the energyfrom the signal to operate the RF-chip.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, the RF-chip is an active elementthat is powered by an energy source connected to the RF-chip. The energysource may be an associated battery pack. However, in some embodiments,in which the RF-chip is connected to a battery of a vehicle, the RF-chipmay be electrically connected to the posts of the battery for power, asopposed to having its own associated battery pack.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a test device 16 is used to test the componentand to poll the data collection device to receive and store dataconcerning the component. As a general matter, the test device is of anytype suitable for performing tests on the component. For example, wherethe component is a battery, the test device is a battery tester and/orcharger for testing the current and voltage of the battery. The testdata is collected and assembled into a data file. The test device mayadd a time and date stamp indicating when the data was taken or this maybe added by the data collection device. The data is then transmitted tothe data collection device where it is stored for later retrieval.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates the test device as a hand held unit, it mustbe understood that the test device may take many forms. For example,with reference to FIG. 3, in one embodiment of the present invention,the test device and data collection device are integrated. Specifically,in this embodiment, the data collection device further includes aprocessor 28 that is in electrical communication with the antenna 18,electronics 20, and memory 24 of the data collection device. Theprocessor includes various test probes 30 and electronics for connectionto the component. In instances, in which the system is connected tobattery, the processor may also include a voltage input 32 connected tothe vehicle battery for power input.

During operation, the processor, using the test probes and electronics,performs the various tests on the battery or alternator and communicatesthis data to the memory device 24 where it is stored. In addition toperforming the test, the processor may also include software forperforming analysis of the readings and comparisons of the currentreadings with the historical data. Information concerning this analysismay also be stored into memory. Importantly, because the processor isassociated with the component at all times, it can perform testing ofthe component on a continuous or periodic basis, if desired. As such,the health of the component can be constantly analyzed and any problemswith the component can be determined at an early stage.

In some instances, the component to which the data collection device ofthe present invention is associated may be part of an overall systemthat includes a plurality of components. For example, a battery oralternator may be placed in a vehicle having a wide variety of othercomponents and a central computing system. In this instance, in additionto performing test and storage of the data, the processor may also beconnected to the remainder of the vehicles electrical system and providethe test information to the central computer of the vehicle. Healthinformation concerning the battery or alternator is made available viainstrumentation to the user of the vehicle and for centralized datastorage and analysis in the central computer. Further, known in the artare devices for transmitting data from a vehicle to a central computingfacility, such as Qualcomm's satellite-based communication system orVehicle Enhancement System's VESPLEX™ technology. The data collected bythe processor may be transmitted by these systems to a central computingfacility where the data is made available to those interested in themaintenance of the battery or alternator. Further, as in FIG. 1, thedata may be accessed by a hand held test device when the battery oralternator is later analyzed during maintenance of the vehicle.Additionally, the data may be provided to a web-server in the form of aweb page for use on either the Internet or a company's intranet site.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment where the data collection device islocated on the component and a hand held device is used to test andperform maintenance on the component and transmit the test data to thedata collection device for archival. In typical embodiments, the datacollection device is an RF-tag either containing or associated with amemory 24. Data collected by the test device is transmitted along with apolling signal and a command to write data to the RF-tag. The RF-tagreceives the polling signal, the write command, and the data, and usesthe polling signal as power for writing the data into memory forarchival. To retrieve data, the test device sends a polling signal alongwith a command to read data to the RF-tag. The RF-tag uses the pollingsignal as power for reading the requested data from memory andtransmitting it to the test device. (Note that if the RF-tag is active,the polling signal is not required for powering the RF-tag).

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment where the data collection device islocated on the component and includes a processor and sensors forcollecting data, as opposed to the independent hand held device ofFIG. 1. As illustrated, the data collection device of FIG. 3 includes aprocessor 28, antenna (transceiver) 18, electronics 22 and memory 24.These can be discrete parts or an integrated circuit. Further, there arecurrently known RF-tags that include memory and inputs for receivingdata from sensors. These RF-tags also include memory for data storage.In this instance, the RF-tag would have inputs connected to sensors andprobes for received data about the component. When the RF-tag is polledby a remote test device, the RF-tag receives data from the inputsconnected to the sensors and stores the data in the memory of theRF-tag. The remote device can then later poll the RF-tag to retrieve thedata logs stored for each test of the component.

As an alternative to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 3, the systems andmethods of the present invention may inlcude various data collectiondevices 12 connected to various components 14 in a system. Each of thedata collection devices is situated to store archival data concerningtest and maintenance data associated with the component to which it isassociated. Importantly, the system of this embodiment further includesa centralized test device. The centralized test device is locatedproximate to the data collection devices and controls their operation.The system of this embodiment is used to test and maintain all of thecomponents on the system. In one embodiment, the centralized test deviceis similar to the hand held device of FIG. 1, in that it performs testand maintenance procedures on each of the components and transmits thetest and maintenance data to the data collection device associated withthe component for archival. In this instance, the centralized processorperforms the tests and the data collection devices are archival storageunits.

In an alternative embodiment, the system is more like that of FIG. 3 inthat the data collection devices each include processors 28, antennas18, electronics 22, and memory 24. The processor includes inputs forconnection to sensors and probes that sense data related to component.In this embodiment, instead of the centralized processor performing thatactual test and maintenance on the components, the centralized processorinstead directs each of the data collection devices to collect data fromthe sensors and probes associated with each data collection device. Thedata collection devices collect the data and store it in theirassociated memories. The data may also be transmitted to the centralizedprocessor for analysis or transmission to a central computing facilitywhere the data is made available to those interested in the maintenanceof the component. As discussed previously the data may be transmittedfrom the centralized processor to the central computing system using anymeans of communication including Qualcomm's satellite-basedcommunication system or Vehicle Enhancement System's VESPLEX™technology.

In the above embodiments, the system of the present typically uses anRF-chip attached to the battery or alternator for data storage, however,it must be understood that other technology can be used in place of theRF-chip. For example, in one embodiment, a device known in the industryas an iButton® could replace the RF-chip. iButtons are devicesmanufactured and marketed by Dallas Semiconductor Corp. An iButton® is acomputer chip that is encased in stainless steel. The computer chipcontains memory for data storage. Information is transferred between aniButton and a test device with a momentary contact of a specializedwand. The wand transfers information to and from the iButton. Moreinformation concerning the iButton is available at the following website: http://www.ibutton.com/ibuttons/index.html.

In an alternative embodiment, the RF-chip can be replaced with aprocessor, memory device, and IR transceiver. In this embodiment, thetest device further includes a transceiver for communicating informationvia IR between the test device and the processor for retrieval andstorage of information in the memory device.

Further, the RF-chip can be replaced with a processor, memory device,and RF transceiver. In this embodiment, communications between theprocessor and memory and the test device are performed using a modulatedRF signal such as FSK, PWM, or even BLUETOOTH technology.

The above embodiments illustrate the use of RF-chips and other similardevices for testing batteries and alternators, however, it must beunderstood that these concepts can be expanded to other electrical andmechanical equipment on the vehicle. For example, various sensors may beplaced on the vehicle to sense information such as fluid levels,temperatures, etc. Connected to the sensors are RF-chips and possiblystorage devices. In operation, a test device is used to poll the variousRF-chips. Information from the sensors is then provided to the testdevice via communication with the RF-chip. In addition, the informationmay also be stored in the memory associated with the RF-chip. As in someof the embodiments discussed above, a processor may also be includedwith the RF-chip to poll the sensors on a continuous or periodic basis.Further, this test information may be stored in the memory associatedwith the RF-chip.

As such, information concerning the various components of a vehicle canbe provided without requiring a technician to physically access thevarious components. Instead, the technician can merely communicate withthe various RF-chips using the test device.

In summary, the present invention provides systems and methods fortesting and data storage of information related to the electrical systemof a vehicle. The present invention provides a data collection devicehaving a memory located on the component to be tested, such as a batteryor alternator. The system further includes a test device thatcommunicates with the data collection device to store test dataconcerning the component of the vehicle. The test device is also used toperform analysis of the current test data and of previous test datastored in the memory of the data collection device and provideinformation concerning the health of the component. This information canthen be used to determine the life expectancy of the component. It mayfurther be used in determining whether warranty claims will be satisfiedon defective components.

In addition to the various embodiments illustrated above, the presentinvention also provides systems and methods for testing and determiningwhich of a number of components in a bank of components may bemalfunctioning. For example, as depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a typicalheavy-duty vehicle includes a plurality of batteries 40-1 thru 40-4connected in parallel for providing electrical power for differentelectrical systems of the truck. The positive terminals for each batteryare connected together by a conductor 42 and the negative terminals foreach battery are connected together by a conductor 44. Importantly, thecurrent provided by the batteries is cumulative. Specifically, thecurrents sensed at positions A-D provided respectively by the batteries40-1 thru 40-4 creates a cumulative output current T=A+B+C+D. By lookingat the cumulative current T it is not possible to tell which if any ofthe batteries may be malfunctioning. As a general matter, if all of thebatteries are operating properly, the current draw from each batteryduring charging and the current supplied by each battery during useshould to be the same for each battery within reasonable tolerance. Forexample, during charging, each battery should draw relatively the sameamount of current and likewise, when the batteries are in use, eachbattery should provide the same amount of current. The present inventionevaluates the individual current draw and output of the batteries duringdifferent load conditions and from this evaluation determines which, ifany, of the batteries are malfunctioning. It must be understood thatalthough the description is discussed in terms of battery performance,that many other electrical components connected in a similar manner maybe evaluated using the methods and techniques discussed below.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 4A, the systems and methods of thepresent invention include individual current sensors 46-1 thru 46-4connected between each of the batteries 40-1 thru 40-4. The sensors arein communication with a processor 48 via direct connection or via awireless connection. The sensors sense the current at each terminal ofthe battery and provide a current reading. By evaluating the currentreadings provided by each sensor, the systems and methods of the presentinvention can determine which, if any, of the batteries may bemalfunctioning.

For example, when the vehicle is running, the batteries are typicallycharged by an alternator. In this instance, each of the batteries isdrawing a certain amount of current. If one of the batteries appears tobe drawing more current than the other batteries, this is an indicationthat the battery is bad or malfunctioning. For example, in FIG. 4A, whenthe batteries are charging, current flows from left to right, (i.e., inthe direction from battery 40-1 to 40-4). In this instance, the currentsensed by the sensor 46-4 will represent the current draw by the battery40-4. Further, the current sensed by the sensor 46-3 will represent thecurrent draw by both batteries 40-3 and 40-4. Similarly, the currentsensed by the sensor 46-2 represents the current draw by batteries 40-2thru 40-4, and current sensed by the sensor 46-1 represents the currentdraw by batteries 40-1 thru 40-4. In light of this, the current draw byeach battery can be determined by deduction.

For example, in this instance, if sensor 46-4 senses 5 amps, then it isknown that battery 40-4 is drawing 5 amps. Further, if sensor 46-3senses 10 amps and sensor 46-4 is sensing 5 amps, then battery 40-3 isdrawing 5 amps. Additionally, if sensor 46-2 senses 15 amps and sensor46-1 senses 20 amps, then batteries 40-2 and 40-1 are also drawing 5amps. In this example, each of the batteries is drawing the same amountof current, so it is deduced that all of the batteries are properlyfunctioning. However, if it was determined that one or more of thebatteries was drawing more or less current outside a tolerance rangefrom that of the other batteries, then it can be deduced that one ormore batteries are malfunctioning. For example, if batteries 40-1 thru40-3 each draw 5 amps, but battery 40-4 only draws 2 amps, this would bean indication that battery 40-4 may be malfunctioning.

Similar measurements can be performed when the batteries are in use.Specifically, when the engine of the vehicle is off, the alternator isno longer charging the batteries. Instead, the batteries are nowsupplying power to the electrical systems of the vehicle. In thisinstance current flows from right to left in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In thisinstance, if sensor 46-1 indicates 20 amps and sensor 46-2 indicates 15amps, then battery 40-1 is providing 5 amps. Further, if sensor 46-3indicates 10 amps, the battery 40-2 is supplying 5 amps, and so on forbatteries 40-3 and 40-4. Here again, if one of the batteries appears tobe supplying less current than the other batteries, there is likely aproblem with one or more of the batteries.

Importantly, by evaluating the current drawn by each battery duringcharging or supplied during use, the systems and methods of the presentinvention can detect whether a battery in the system is malfunctioning.The above examples are only illustrative embodiments. A malfunctioningbattery may have different affects on the current draw and supply of thesystem. For example, if battery 40-3 is malfunctioning, it may not onlydraw current from the alternator when charging, but it may also drawcurrent from battery 40-4. In this instance, it may appear that battery40-4 when in reality then less measured current of battery 40-4 is dueto the added current draw from battery 40-3. To rule out battery 40-4,direction of current flow from the sensor 46-4 would need to beevaluated. If the current is flowing in the opposite direction than itshould, then battery 40-3 may be drawing current from battery 40-4.Other similar scenarios are understood that would require evaluation ofcurrent direction and current magnitude to determine which batteries aremalfunctioning.

FIG. 4A is an illustration of the system of the present invention inwhich Hall effect or magneto resistive type sensors are used. Thesesensors operate by detection of the magnetic field generated by thecurrent flowing through conductors. FIG. 4B illustrates an alternativeembodiment in which current is determined by voltage measurement. Inthis embodiment, lead wires 50 are connected to the terminals of thebatteries and voltage difference is measured. This voltage difference iscaused by the known resistance of the conductors between the two batteryterminals. Since the resistance is known and the voltage is measured,the current through the conductors connecting the terminals of batteriescan be determined. These currents, once determined, can be used in asimilar evaluation manner as previously discussed above.

In FIGS. 4A and 4B, the currents are measured using the positiveterminal connections of the batteries. It is understood that either thepositive or the negative terminals can be used. Specifically, currentwill be flowing in a similar manner through the negative terminals as itwill in the positive terminals. Use of the negative terminals does notprovide significant benefits where Hall effect or magneto resistive typesensors are used, because these sensors measure the magnetic flux andnot the current directly. However, use of the negative terminals doesprovide some benefit when, as shown in FIG. 4B, voltage drops across theconductors is measured. Specifically, in instances in which the positiveterminals are used, a fuse 52 is required for each lead wire to guardagainst short circuits. The small gauge sensing wire requires positivetemperature coefficient PCT or a similar fuse device. However, when thesensing lead wires of FIG. 4B are connected to the negative terminals ofthe battery, a fuse is not typically required.

FIG. 5 is an illustrative embodiment of a display that can be providedto a user of the system and method of this embodiment. The displayprovides a visual indication concerning the health of each of thebatteries and can provide visual or aural alerts when a battery isindicated as malfunctioning.

The systems and methods of this embodiment of the present inventionprovide for testing and data storage of information related to theelectrical system of the vehicle directed to the batteries and indirectanalysis of the starting circuit, charging circuit, and all otherelectrical devices on the vehicle. This systems and methods of thisembodiment provide the ability to analyze each battery and the totalsystem by the use of either a Hall effect sensor, magneto resistive typesensor or voltage drop measurements downstream to each battery. Theability to store, analyze and compare the current data during starting,charging and other load conditions with all the batteries at the sametemperature allow the systems and methods of the present invention todistinguish good, bad and marginal batteries. Storing the data,broadcasting this data on SAE J1708/1587 or SAE J1939 allow typicaldiagnostics for the trucking industry. Also, storage of this data inseparate RF device, located at each Hall Effect Sensor “Poker Chip” or asingle “Poker Chip” located at the microprocessor as discussed inearlier embodiments above are an alternate method for communication to ahand held or roadside reader.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forthherein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which theseinventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is tobe understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specificembodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments areintended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

1. A system for testing and data storage of information related to atleast one component of an electrical system, said system comprising: adata collection device fixedly connected to the electrical component,wherein said data collection device includes a memory; and a test devicecapable of performing at least a test operation on the electriccomponent, wherein said test device stores information concerning thetest operation in the memory of said data collection device, such thatinformation concerning the test operation are resident with theelectrical component.
 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein saidelectrical component is a battery.
 3. A system according to claim 1,wherein said electrical component is an alternator.
 4. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein said test device is a tester.
 5. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein said test device is a charger.
 6. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein both said data collection device and testdevice further include a transceiver for communicating informationbetween said collection and test devices.
 7. A system according to claim6, wherein said transceivers are RF transceivers.
 8. A system accordingto claim 6, wherein said transceivers are IR transceivers.
 9. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein said electrical component is a battery andwherein said test device tests a parameter of the electrical componentselected from the group consisting of cold cranking amps, reserve chargelevel, and state of charge.
 10. A system according to claim 1, whereinsaid electrical component is an alternator and wherein said test devicetests a parameter of the electrical component selected from the groupconsisting of output voltage versus current, waveform shape of thevoltage output, and temperature of the alternator.
 11. A systemaccording to claim 1, wherein said data collection device is an RF-chip.12. A system according to claim 1, wherein said data collection deviceis encased in a housing for protecting said data collection device. 13.A system according to claim 1, wherein said data collection device isencased in a housing having an adhesive surface connecting said datacollection device to the electrical component.
 14. A system according toclaim 12, wherein said housing is positioned on a surface of theelectrical component and a lamination is applied over the housing and atleast a portion of the surface of the electrical component to therebysecure said housing to said electrical component.
 15. A system accordingto claim 12, wherein said housing is cylindrical in shape defined by abody extending between circular ends.
 16. A system for testing and datastorage of information related to at least one component of anelectrical system, wherein said system comprises: a memory device forstoring information related to tests performed on said electricalcomponent; a transceiver in electrical communication with said memorydevice, wherein said transceiver transmits data stored in said memorydevice to a test device used to test the said electrical component andfor receiving data from the test device for storage in said memorydevice; and a housing surrounding said memory device and saidtransceiver, wherein said housing is fixedly connected to the component,such that information stored in said memory device concerning thecomponent is resident on the component.
 17. A system according to claim16, wherein said housing is cylindrical in shape defined by a bodyextending between circular ends.
 18. A data collection device forcollecting and retaining data related to a component, said devicecomprising: a memory device for storing information related to testsperformed on the component; a transceiver in electrical communicationwith said memory device, wherein said transceiver transmits data storedin said memory device to a test device used to test the said componentand for receiving data from the test device for storage in said memorydevice; and a housing surrounding said memory device and saidtransceiver, wherein said housing is fixedly connected to the component,such that information stored in said memory device concerning thecomponent is resident on the component.
 19. A system for monitoringelectrical components of an electrical system having at least first andsecond electrical components connected in parallel by a first conductorthat connects terminals of the first and second electrical componentstogether and a second conductor connecting a terminal of the firstelectrical component to a remainder of the electrical system, saidsystem comprising: a first current sensing device connected between thefirst electrical component and the remainder of the electrical system;and a second current sensing device connected between the first andsecond electrical components; wherein when current flows from theremainder of the electrical system to the first and second electricalcomponents, current sensed by said second current sensing device isequal to the current drawn by the second electrical component andcurrent sensed by said first current sensing device equals the currentdrawn by both the first and second electrical components, and whereinwhen current flows from first and second electrical components to theremainder of the electrical system, current sensed by said secondcurrent sensing device is equal to the current supplied by the secondelectrical component and current sensed by said first current sensingdevice equals the current supplied by both the first and secondelectrical components.
 20. A system according to claim 19 furthercomprising a processor connected to said first and second currentsensors, wherein said processor determines the current drawn andsupplied by the first electrical component by subtracting the currentsensed by said second current sensor from the current sensed by saidfirst current sensor.
 21. A system according to claim 19, wherein thefirst and second electrical components are batteries, an said first andsecond current sensing device detect current drawn and supplied by thebatteries.
 22. A system according to claim 19, wherein said first andsecond current sensing elements are Hall effect sensors.
 23. A systemaccording to claim 19, wherein said first and second current sensingelements are magneto resistive sensors.
 24. A system according to claim20, wherein said second current sensing elements comprises: sensingconductors connected to opposed ends of the first conductor connectedbetween the first and second electrical components; and a voltage meterconnected to said sensing conductors for determining a voltage dropacross the first conductor, wherein said processor determines thecurrent in said first conductor based on a known resistance of theconductor and the determined voltage drop across the first conductor.